home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- On Mon, 29 Jan 1996, Brenden Mecleary wrote:
- > >On Mon, 29 Jan 1996, John Gross wrote:
- > >>> Is there a number bigger than infinity?
- > >>
- > >> infinity + x
- > >
- > >infinity + x + 1. :)
- >
- > infinity squared!
- > better yet, infinity to the infinity power!
-
- Many of you might be joking about numbers bigger than infinity, but in
- certain applications, it is reasonable to have different orders of
- infinity.
-
- Consider the cardinality of the set of integers. There are an infinite
- number of integers, and you can play the game of "What if x were the
- largest integer? Well, it can't be since x+1 should be larger yet."
-
- We can represent the infinite count of the number of integers as
- Aleph-null. (Aleph is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and
- null is written as a subscript 0.)
-
- Then, you might ask how many rational numbers are there? Rational
- numbers are essentially ratios of pairs of integers. At first glance
- it might seem that there should be more rational numbers than integers
- because we are using two integers per rational number. But, it turns
- out that there are just as many rational numbers as there are integers.
- We can demonstrate this by defining a one-to-one correspondence
- between rational numbers and integers. Essentially that is finding
- an ordering for rational numbers that allows us to enumerate them.
-
- Let's just consider whole numbers and positive rational numbers
- for the moment. Consider making a table with numerators in the
- rows and denominators in the columns:
-
- 1 2 3 4 5 . . .
- --- --- --- --- ---
- 1 1/1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 . . .
- 2 2/1 2/2 2/3 2/4 2/5 . . .
- 3 3/1 3/2 3/3 3/4 3/5 . . .
- 4 4/1 4/2 4/3 4/4 4/5 . . .
- 5 5/1 5/2 5/3 5/4 5/5 . . .
- . . . . . . .
- . . . . . . .
- . . . . . . .
-
- We can now order them on diagonals, remembering to skip over any
- ratios that can be expressed with smaller integers:
-
- 1 2 3 4 5 . . .
- --- --- --- --- ---
- 1 1 3 5 9 11 . . .
- 2 2 XXX 8 XXX 16 . . .
- 3 4 7 XXX 15 XXX . . .
- 4 6 XXX 14 XXX 25 . . .
- 5 10 13 19 24 XXX . . .
- . . . . . . .
- . . . . . . .
- . . . . . . .
-
- (Note that 12, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, and everything after 26
- don't appear in this small portion of the table.)
-
- Finding for negative rational number and negative integers as
- well as for 0 is straight forward. Thus, there are just as
- many integers and rational numbers.
-
- There are, however, more real numbers than rational numbers.
- (Real numbers include irrational numbers such as the square
- root of 2 and pi). The cardinality of the set of real
- numbers can be represented by Aleph-1.
-
- ObLW: Lightwave cannot handle all integers or all rational
- numbers, let alone that many real numbers. But then again,
- neither can any software on any finite computer.
-
- --
- Richard Addison
-
-
-